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Message Area
Sci / Health / Environment

Enviro. June 26 '05 Dead Zones

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#1 of 2

     Posted 6/28/05 1:19 AM   
Sue_N
 
From  Sue_N  Posts 3452  Last 12:11 AM
To  All      [Msg # 198328.1 ]    

How do you think that hypoxia should be dealt with, and who should pay?

Dead Zones, Hypoxia

Hypoxia means the depletion of oxygen in a body of water. Fish and most marine animals cannot survive when there is insufficient oxygen in the water. Hypoxia often results from eutrophication. In eutrophication, fertilizer runoff, animal sewage and some industrial wastes add nutrients to fresh water, which stimulates plant growth and algal blooms. These use up the oxygen in the water, and fish and bottom-dwellers including shrimp, clams and crabs either leave or suffocate. Nitrogen in the form of nitrates is the most common culprit, followed by phosphorus.

There are a number of dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico, off the North east coast of the USA, around Scandinavia, around Japan and in the Mediterranean, plus Puget Sound and Saanich Inlet, Fosa da Cariaco, Lough Ine, Sommone Bay, Rias Biaxas, the Caspian Sea, the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov, Tolo Harbour (Hong Kong), Port Hacking (Australia) and off New Zealand - at least 58 in all. Most dead zones are man-made, but there are natural ones off Oregon, Peru and South Africa.

Fertilizer runoff from Mexico's Yaqui River causes a dead zone in the Sea of Cortez, between mainland Mexico and Baja California peninsula.

The nutrient pollution carried by the Mississippi River into the northern Gulf of Mexico tripled in the 40 years to 2000, creating a 18,000 km2 "dead zone". The dead zone abates in the winter when there is more mixing of the waters. A lot depends on the winds and the currents, so that the dead zone's size varies from year to year along with its arrival and breakup each year, and how close to shore it comes. The depth of the water also has an effect. About 56 percent of the nitrogen entering the Gulf is from fertilizer runoff according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

The root cause of most dead zones is over-fertilization, and finding ways of using just enough fertilizer would help. Another possibility is ecotechnology - adding belts of natural vegetation next to waterways that would act as a barrier to filter out the run-off. Allowing rivers to overrun their banks as they used to would also help disperse the runoff, with the help of the ecotechnology.

Recent news stories involving dead zones include:

Scientists Studying Gulf's 'Dead Zone'

Each year a dead zone forms in the Gulf of Mexico stretching 5,000-square-miles from the mouth of the Mississippi River toward the Texas coast. It has got considerably worse since the 1980s. The zone suffers from lack of oxygen, called hypoxia, which scientists believe is due to polluted freshwater from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers. Without oxygen, fish and most other marine life cannot live in the area. Scientists are planning to study the phenomenon this summer. The maps they produce will appear on the NCDDC Coastal Ecosystems web site.

Please see the following message for the remaining stories.

Sue [sysop in NewsForum, World Issues, All Animals forums]
Edited 6/28/05   by  Sue_N

Edited 6/28/05   by  Sue_N
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#2 of 2

     Posted 6/28/05 1:24 AM   
Sue_N
 
From  Sue_N  Posts 3452  Last 12:11 AM
To  All      [Msg # 198328.2 Message 198328.2 replying to 198328.1 198328.1 ]    

Other Stories

Beef-loving U.S. shrugs at finding second mad cow,
U.S. Refused to Do Extra Mad-Cow Test,
Taiwanese Buy Up Sale-Priced U.S. Beef

Americans are continuing to eat beef despite the announcement of a second U.S. case of mad cow disease. The Center of Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) and others are calling for a system for tracking animals' origins rapidly. The Agriculture Department (USDA) admits to mistakes in the case, including not ordering a third and more sophisticated test when the first two conflicted. The USDA internal watchdog ordered a 3rd test from an expert British lab months later. USDA is still trying to identify the cow's home herd. It plans mandatory ID for cattle in 2009. Cattle are not supposed to eat feed containing cattle parts, but there are still loopholes.

Taiwanese consumers are scrambling to buy cut-price American beef before it was removed from the shelves because of the renewed ban.

Bird flu virus found in chicken in eastern Japan

A weak form of bird flu known as "H5N2" has been diagnosed at a chicken farm in eastern Japan where 430 chickens died between March and May.



Photo courtesy of NASA

Rwanda symbolically names endangered baby gorillas

There are about 700 mountain gorillas are left in the world, 380 of which live in the Uganda / Democratic Republic of Congo / Rwanda area. In an effort to attract tourism, Rwanda has officially named some of them in a traditional naming ceremony and has also called for donations to help the gorillas.

Appeals Court Sides With EPA on Plants

A federal appeals court has upheld the Bush administration's plan that lets older industrial plants modernize without investing in expensive new pollution controls. 13 states had sued the Environmental Protection Agency saying that its new regulations violate the 1970 Clean Air Act.

China flood waters slowly start to recede, Death Toll Rises to 567 in China Flooding

The death toll in China this week from flooding and landslides has reached 567 with 165 missing. The storey-high waters are beginning to recede in the southern Chinese city of Wuzhou. Drought and floods are common in China. Roads and rail lines are still cut and more rain is forecast.

Organic Farmers Concerned About New Rules

Farmers say that stricter rules for organic farmers will make it more expensive for farmers to switch to organic, including cattle farmers who will have to feed their cows 100 percent organic feed during the transition to organic. The ruing also ordered a ban on synthetic ingredients in products labeled organic. A federal court ruled that the Agriculture Department must devise stricter rules.

Climate change threatens humanity's cradle Africa

Mankind began in Africa, and is likely to suffer most from global warming there as droughts and floods impact agriculture there, with widespread desertification, and the coral reefs upon which coastal fisheries depend are damaged.

Wind, Heat Challenge Southwest Fire Crews

A nearly 60,000-acre wildfire in Utah caused evacuations and problems for firefighters. Smaller wildfires are burning in several other states.

Cause of St. Louis Fire, Blasts Probed

U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board has sent a team to the Praxair Inc. facility in St. Louis to try and work out what triggered a chain of explosions at the gas processing plant. Nobody was injured in spite of roughly 75-pound containers flying up to 600 feet away.

Secretive panel could block China's Unocal bid

A U.S. review panel may review China's CNOOC Ltd.'s $18.5 billion takeover bid for Unocal Corp. for "national security" issues if the bid is accepted.

Asia Mourns 178,000 Killed in Tsunami

The tsunami following a 9.0-magnitude earthquake last December 26 killed 178,000 people in 11 countries.

Tsunami Survivors Deal With New Illness

Some victims who swallowed water during the tsunami experienced pneumonia and paralysis as bacteria moved through their nervous systems.


How do you think that hypoxia should be dealt with, and who should pay?

[Views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of CompuServe, Netscape, any government, agency, or news organization. External Websites are "At Your Own Risk," and no endorsement is expressed or implied.]

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Sci / Health / Environment

Enviro. June 26 '05 Dead Zones

  
 
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